Vivo method for producing female offsprings in mammals

ABSTRACT

The invention provides an in vivo method whereby female offsprings can be produced in mammals, especially in bovine species said method comprising the step of administering a therapeutically effective amount of a material comprising acetic acid, or its pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives to female mammals just after or before insemination

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention relates to an in vivo method for producingfemale offsprings in mammals. More specifically, it relates to a novelmethod for alteration of sex ratio to produce female offsprings,especially in case of bovine and such other animals.

BACKGROUND AND PRIOR ART OF THE INVENTION

[0002] Sex determination has been a favorite subject for reproductivephysiologists since long. Sex determination is a process whereby the sexof the offspring is decided by sex chromosomes in mammals and by factorssuch as temperature in certain chordates such as reptiles. Sexassignment and determination in mammals is a method whereby the sex ofthe offspring is decided even before actual formation of the zygote bythe fusion of an ovum with a spermatozoa bearing the sex chromosome of aparticular sex and conditions are created such that the combination ofchromosomes leading to the formation of a fetus of desired sex. Sexratio is an indicator/measure devised to ascertain the proportion ofmales and females in a given population. There have been severalattempts in the prior art to alter the sex ratio in mammals.

[0003] Some chordate species are known to be temperature dependent forsexual determination (TSD) (Bull, J. J 1980, Qrtly Rev Biol, 53, 3-21,1980). In case of such animals, the sex of the offspring instead ofbeing determined by sex chromosomes, is determined by the temperature atwhich egg is incubated. Further, there are certain species whereapplication of certain hormones alters the sex of the offspring. Suchspecies include certain reptiles and ratites. Such attempts to alter thesex are discussed and disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,201,280 and5,377,618.

[0004] However, in case of mammals, sex of the offspring is determinedby random combinations of X- or Y-chromosome bearing sperms with an ovumalways containing the X-chromosome and giving rise to a sex ratio ofalmost 50:50. In case of mammals also, some workers have tried tomanipulate sex ratios. Manipulation of sex ratio gains prominence withthe fact that mammals are an important family and success in alteringthe sex ratio in mammals, especially to the female side, has advantagesin milk and meat producing species and in evolving livestock of betterquality. This becomes doubly important in cross-breeding programs where50% of the offsprings turn out to be of female sex and remaining 50% ofmale sex. The offsprings of the male sex are not generally favoured inthe livestock industry. Altering the sex ratio, thereby leading topreferential production of females may make such cross-breeding programsa tremendous success. This also keeps the proportion of male populationsof these species to the minimum extent as required for inseminationpurposes only.

[0005] In the light of these advantages, many workers have attempted toalter sex ratios throughout the last century. A number of attempts madeabout 1940 were based on the assumption that vaginal pH controlled thesex of the offspring. Schroeder V. (Physico-chemical methods of sexregulation of the progeny of mammals. Abstr in J. Hered 1941: 32:248)discussed efficacy of physico-chemical methods to regulate sex ratios.But conclusive evidence of efficacy of these methods was not found incareful scientific investigations (Salisbury and VanDemark: Physiologyof reproduction and artificial insemination in cattle, 1961).

[0006] Later on, this approach of change in vaginal pH was deserted andreproductive physiologists concentrated on attempts to produce sexedsemen. A sexed semen contains either X- or Y- bearing sperms in completeor accentuated concentrations, and which, when combined with ova,containing X-chromosome, either female (XX) or male (XY) offsprings areproduced in complete or relatively greater proportions.

[0007] Several workers have carried on research on this subject and useddifferent techniques to separate X- and Y- bearing sperms. (The spermsonly contain X-Y-chromosomes, however, the applicant has referred thesperms as X- or Y- for convenience.) Lindahl in 1953 reported success inproducing sexed semen in bulls (Counter-streaming of bull spermatozoa,Nature: 1956, 178: 491-92). Gordon M. J. (Scientific American, 199:87-94, 1958) also discussed a method to control the sex ratio. Thisstudy represented yet another approach to produce sexed semen.Bhattacharaya et al (An Attempt to determine the sex ratio of calves byartificial insemination with spermatozoa separated by sedimentation,Nature 211: 863: 1966), were able to achieve a degree of success inproducing sexed semen in bulls. Ericsson (Isolation of fractions rich inhuman Y-sperm, Nature 1973: 246:421) reported a method to get fractionsricher in human Y-sperms. Gledhill (Control of mammalian sex by sexingthe sperm: Fertil. Steril. 1983, 40(5): 572-74) and Corson et al (“Sexselection by sperm separation and insemination”, Fertil. Steril, 1984:42:756) also reported new methods to produce sexed semen. However, nopredictable and repeatable methodology could be evolved by these workersresulting in significant shift in sex ratio (Hunter, Reproduction ofFarm Animals, 1982, 138-139), has also stated that despite all theseattempts, modification of sex ratio still remains a mirage on thehorizon. The reason behind this may be that sperms are haploid cells andhaploid cells as distinct from diploid cells express a change in geneticconstitution in surface characteristics, is still not clear (Hunter,1982). Also, as pointed by Hafez (Reproduction in Farm Animals, fifthedition, 1987, 499), these attempts were hampered by the lack oflaboratory tests to evaluate the degree of sperm separation.

[0008] Sex determination was reported also on a different line. Certaincompounds, hormones, sera etc. were reported to have an effect on thealtering of sex ratio. Bennett & Boyce, (Sex ratio in progeny of miceinseminated with sperm treated with HY antiserum, Nature, 246:308, 1973)reported that insemination with sperm treated with antisera to aY-linked histocompatibility antigen produced 45.4% males compared with53.4% for controls in mice. Barrat and Leger (J. Gyneiol. Obstet. Biol.Reprod, Paris, 8, 332, 1979) reported that administration of clomiphenecitrate and/or gonadotropins resulted in 8.7% lowering of sex ratio.Beernik et al (“Factors influencing human sex ratio,” presented at theAnnual meeting of American Fertility Society, 1984) reported similarresults for humans. Sampson et al (“Gender After induction of Ovulationand artificial insemination” : Fertil. Steril. 40; pg 481, 1983)reported that with the induction of super ovulation, multiple birthsshowed a marked skewness towards male births. Mitra & Chowdhary (Abstrin animal Breed, 58(4): No.2354, 1990) showed that glyceryl phosphoruscholine diesterase activity of uterine fluid had an effect in alteringthe secondary sex ratio (i.e. at birth) in rats.

[0009] Thus, the prior art is replete with attempts to control the sexof mammalian offspring because the outcome of this research is valuablein a variety of economic conditions, for example, preferential birth offemale calves in dairy herds would improve the rate of achievingsuperior animal strains by selective breeding. It would also be valuablemedically where for example it is desired to prevent the birth of sonsto mothers who are carriers of a genetic diseases which affect onlymales.

[0010] Each of the above attempts in the prior art represent differentapproaches towards sex assignment or production of off-springs of adesired sex. Recognizing the need to develop a simple and easy methodfor the assignment of sex or production of offsprings of significantnumber of females, the applicants conducted a thorough investigation onvarious chemicals capable of sex assignment and determination inoffsprings. With the singular objective of increasing female populationin livestock, the applicants screened a few chemicals and to theirsurprise found that a material essentially containing an acetyl group,such as vinegar, could be successfully used to achieve the abovepurpose. In addition, the applicant has arrived at a methodology toobtain female population, which is very cost-effective, easy to performand does not involve in vitro treatment of sperms.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION

[0011] The main objective of the invention is to provide an in vivomethod whereby significant female offsprings can be produced in mammals.

[0012] Another objective is to provide a method whereby the femalepopulation of livestock can be increased, to make cross-breedingprograms with livestock of exotic breeds a tremendous success.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0013] Accordingly, the invention provides an in vivo method wherebyfemale offsprings can be produced in mammals, especially the bovinespecies, said method comprising the step of administering atherapeutically effective amount of dilute acetic acid, or itspharmaceutically acceptable derivatives to female mammals just afterinsemination.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0014] The present invention in its broadest aspect relates to a methodfor preferential production of female offsprings in mammals. The methodof the invention is specifically applicable to members of the bovinefamily such as cows and buffaloes and other animals such as horses,sheep, dogs, goats, etc. It is the Applicant's finding thatadministration of dilute acetic acid, or its derivatives, (hereinafteras “the material” for sake of brevity) to a mammal, within about 30minutes after insemination will lead to preferential production offemale offsprings. In fact, it is the Applicant's experience that theoffspring produced after such administration is generally female.

[0015] The method of the invention comprises the steps of insemination,artificial or natural of the female animal and administration of atherapeutically effective amount of the material, comprising essentiallyof a combination of acetic acid, its derivatives to the animalimmediately after insemination. Thereafter, the animal is allowed to eatand resume its usual activities in its natural surroundings andenvironment.

[0016] By “therapeutically effective amount”, the applicants imply anamount that will enable production of female offsprings. Again, thedosage or the amount of material to be administered will vary fromanimal to animal and can be readily determined by a person skilled inthe art on the basis of body weight of the subject to which the materialis to be administered. For the instance, in case of cows and buffaloes,the amount may be about 150 to 800 ml of the said material. Preferably,250 to 400 ml of the material may be administered to the animal. Inshort, the amount administered should be such that it is not lethal tothe animal.

[0017] It is the Applicant's finding that the material that causesproduction of female offsprings in mammals is a substance essentiallycomprising acetyl radical. Typical examples of such material arevinegar, dilute acetic acid, sodium acetate and the natural or syntheticderivatives thereof. The material may be obtained from natural sourcesor derived by synthetic methods.

[0018] The preferred material is vinegar. The essence of the inventionlies in the use of a material rich in or essentially comprising aceticacid for administration to a mammal. The material known to be rich inacetic acid or vinegar as readily available. While the use of other suchmaterial falls within the scope of the invention. the applicantsrecommend the use of vinegar prepared by prolonged fermentation. Thenatural sources of vinegar are crushed beet juice, sugar cane juice,molasses etc. Such juices are subjected to extended periods offermentation such as 2-8 months depending upon the season of the year.The fermentation may be preferably carried out in any earthenware underoptimum environments. In a preferred embodiment, fermenting agents suchas vinegar made previously by the same process or any other suchfermenting agent may be added to the broth. However, with theapplication of modem technology, this preparation of vinegar can beeffected within a short period of time, i.e. within 10 to 20 days or so,depending upon the quality of fermenting agents and physical andchemical environments maintained. The material may be decanted atregular intervals to avoid contamination and growth of unwantedorganisms. The material produced at the end of such a process isessentially rich in acetic acid, and also contains traces ofacetaldehyde, acetic anhydride and ethanol.

[0019] The materials that can be used for administration to the animalinclude dilute acetic acid, sodium or potassium acetate in acidic pH,both solutions preferably kept at a pH of about 3, the natural orsynthetic derivatives thereof.

[0020] The insemination of the mammal may be effected naturally or byadoption of artificial methods as known in the art. In an embodiment,this material is administered to the animal as early as possible afterinsemination. The step of administration of the material to the animalmay even precede the process of insemination as an alternate embodiment.In case of animals where repeated insemination occurs, such as in dogs,care is taken to ensure that the insemination is restricted to onceonly. It must also be ensured that the insemination is not subjected toprolonged or extended periods of time so that the peak levels formaximum effects of the material during the process of fertilization arerealized.

[0021] The time period for the administration of the material to theanimal is quite critical. The period may of course vary from one animalto the other, but the general thumb rule is administration of thematerial within 30 minutes after insemination. The reason is that thematerial must be administered to the animal before zygote formation. Inany case, the material should be administered at least within one hourafter insemination. If the material is to be administered beforeinsemination, then it may be administered 1 or 3 hours beforeinsemination.

[0022] After administering the material as a single dose, the fetusdevelops normally and the animal goes through, completes pregnancy andgives birth to totally normal and viable female offspring/s. It is foundthat the offsprings produced according to the method of the inventionlead a normal life. Also these offsprings when mated with normal males,produce viable offsprings. The applicants have observed thatadministration of the material to the animal does not evoke any adversereactions or side-effects like fever, skin reactions, behavioral changesetc. Hence the material of the invention can be readily and safelyadministered to the animals.

[0023] The route of administration of the material primarily depends onthe subject. Hence, if the subject is bovine species, then oral routemay be adopted. Familiar methods of oral administration routes includesublingual, nasal, buccal. Other routes of administration, such ascutaneous, sub-cutaneous, parenteral, vaginal, intra-urethral, analroutes, etc. may also be adopted.

[0024] The material may be administered as such or may be formulated invarious physical forms such as solution, syrup, elixir, mixture,emulsion, suspension, tablet, capsule, pessary, suppository, aerosol ora parental preparation, etc. The dosage form may accordingly be varied.As such, there is no intention to limit the scope of the invention toany particular physical form. In accordance with the practice of theinvention, pharmaceutical compositions containing the material as theprimary active ingredient may be prepared. These compositions may beprepared according to any method known in the art for the manufacture ofpharmaceutical compositions. Such compositions, if intended for oral usemay contain one or more agents selected from the group consisting ofsweetening agents, flavoring agents, coloring agents and preservingagents in order to provide pharmaceutically elegant and palatablepreparations. Tablets are prepared containing the active ingredient i.e.the material, in admixture with non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptableexcipients. Such excipients may be for example inert diluents, such ascalcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, lactose, calcium phosphate orsodium phosphate; granulating and disintegrating agents, for example,corn starch, or alginic acid; binding agents, such as starch, gelatin oracacia, and lubricating agents like magnesium stearate, stearic acid ortalc. The tablets may be uncoated or they may be coated by knowntechniques.

[0025] Compositions for oral use may also be presented as hard gelatincapsules wherein the active ingredient i.e. the material is mixed withan inert solid diluent, for example, calcium carbonate, calciumphosphate or kaolin, or as soft gelatin capsules wherein the activeingredient i.e. the material is mixed with water or an oil medium, forexample peanut oil, liquid paraffin or olive oil.

[0026] The compositions may also be formulated as suppositories orpessary which can be prepared by mixing the material with suitablenonirritating excipients or carriers such as cocoa butter,polyethyleneglycol or a suppository wax, which are solid at ordinarytemperatures but liquid at body temperature and therefore, melt in therectum or vaginal cavity and release the active ingredient i.e. thematerial. In other words, all sorts of compositions that do not affectthe efficacy of the material and are capable of keeping the activeingredient i.e. the material in effective contact with the uterinetissues are envisaged and envisaged within the scope of this invention.

[0027] The exact mechanism by which the material i.e. vinegar, diluteacetic acid and their natural or synthetic, derivatives act is notclear. However, it can be postulated that these materials can furnish anacetyl radical by certain biochemical interactions in the living systemto participate in the Kreb's-cycle via the route of Acetyl-Co-Enzyme A.But even then the exact mechanism by which a change in normal metabolicpathway of the living system like Kreb's-cycle causes sex of theoffspring to be determined is not clear. And it may also happen thatabove material does not interfere in normal metabolic pathways of theliving systems but acts as a sex determinant by some other mechanism orbiochemical pathway, known or unknown, to present day availablescientific knowledge and data. Or, it may be that as certain reptilesand ratites do not have an organised sex chromatin and as they arephylogenic ancestors and relatives of mammals which are much evolvedchordates and as a prominent principle in evolution states that progenyrepeats phyllogeny; it may not be ruled out that under certaincircumstances and stages of fertilization or zygotic or embryonicdevelopment, a given chromosome, say X-chromosome or a chromatinpattern, say XX may change into the other type, i.e. Y-chromosome or XYchromatin pattern and vice versa in some sort of imitation to thephenomenon of birth reversal found in certain reptiles and ratites.

[0028] The foregoing description of the invention is consideredillustrative of some of the preferred embodiments of the invention.Various modifications and changes that can be readily made by a personskilled in the art, are considered to be encompassed within the scope ofthe present invention. Accordingly, the embodiments illustrated aboveand the following examples do not limit the scope of the invention tothe exact features as herein described. Suitable modifications andequivalents may be resorted to, within the scope of the invention.

EXAMPLE 1 Preparation of Material

[0029] 20 liters of sugarcane juice was obtained from crushed sugarcane.This juice was left in an earthen pot in the open for fermentation for aperiod of 6 months. A fermenting agent such as vinegar preparedpreviously by the same process was added on day 1 and day 10 to thejuice in the earthen pot. The amount added was about 250 ml. Thetemperature prevalent during period was in the range of 25 to 35° C. Thejuice in the earthen pot was periodically monitored and decanted toensure that contaminants and unwanted organisms do not infect it. At theend of six months, 4 to 5 liters of liquid was found in the earthen pot.This liquid was tested for its contents. This liquid contained thefollowing: Dilute Acetic acid 8 to 16% Acetaldehyde Traces Aceticanhydride Traces Ethyl Alcohol 4 to 9%  Rest water to qs

EXAMPLE 2

[0030] The study was conducted as under:

[0031] (1) Study on animals (cows and buffaloes) and on control groupsusing vinegar only.

[0032] (2) Study on animals (cows and buffaloes) with no control groupusing vinegar, acetic acid and sodium acetate.

[0033] (3) Study on other animals using vinegar only.

[0034] The first study was conducted in a population primarilycomprising cows and buffaloes. The study had a total of 38 animals (26buffaloes and 12 cows). Equal number of animals were used in thestandard/control group for comparison. The animals were in the studygroup were allowed to undergo one insemination. Thereafter, i.e. within35-50 minutes, the material prepared according to the process describedin Example 1 was administered to the animals in the study group. Theanimals in the control/standard group were not subject to administrationof any material. Mating or insemination was not controlled. All theanimals were allowed to move freely in their usual environment and werekept on normal diet. Their behavior and temperature/temperamentespecially of the study group. was monitored. It was found to be normal.No skin reaction, rashes, etc. were detected. No unnatural behavior wasobserved in any of the animals. All animals that conceived in the studyand the control group proceeded to pregnancy. Upon completion ofpregnancy, it was noted that out of 38 animals in the study group, 30animals delivered female calves. During this period, it was also notedthat 7 did not conceive and one reported mis-carriage. In the controlgroup where no vinegar was administered, out of 38 animals (i.e. 26buffaloes and 12 cows), 5 did not conceive and 1 reported miscarriage.The remaining 32 animals delivered 16 males (46.87%) and 17 (53.13%)female offsprings. The results are depicted in Table 1. It is to benoted that the cases of miscarriage and non-conception are not abnormalas it is a general phenomenon in these animals. TABLE 1 Effects ofvinegar on study and control groups of animals Animals Type of No. ofNo. of not OFFSPRING Animals Animals miscarriages conceived FemalesMales STUDY Buffaloes 26 1 5 20 Nil Cows 12 Nil 2 10 Nil STANDARDBuffaloes 26 1 3 12 10 Cows 12 Nil 2 5 5

EXAMPLE 3

[0035] A similar study, as described in Example 2, was carried out onanimals such as cows and buffaloes using study groups. These animalswere administered vinegar, dilute acetic acid, and sodium acetatesolution in acidic pH separately. The results of this study aredescribed herein below and shown in Table 2.

[0036] A. Study Using Vinegar Only

[0037] The study was carried on 21 animals (14 buffaloes and 7 cows) outof which 4 did not conceive and 1 reported miscarriage and the remaining16 delivered 16 (100%) female offsprings.

[0038] B. Study Using Acetic Acid Only

[0039] The study was conducted on 22 animals (14 buffaloes and 8 cows)out of which 5 did not conceive; no animals reported miscarriage andremaining the 17 animals delivered 17 (100%) female offsprings.

[0040] C. Study Using Sodium Acetate Solution in Acidic pH

[0041] The study was conducted on 15 animals (10 buffaloes and 5 cows)out of which there were 3 cases of no conception and remaining 12animals delivered 12 (100%) female offsprings. TABLE 2 Study on animalswith no control group using vinegar acetic acid dilute and sodiumacetate solution in acidic -pH Type of prepar- No. of Animals ation Typeof No. of Miscar- not OFFSPRING used Animals Animals riages conceivedFemales Males Vinegar Buffaloes 14 1 3 10 Nil Cows 7 Nil 1 6 Nil AceticBuffaloes 14 Nil 3 11 Nil Acid Cows 8 Nil 2 6 Nil dilute SodiumBuffaloes 10 Nil 2 8 Nil Acetate Cows 5 Nil 1 4 Nil Acid- ified

EXAMPLE 4

[0042] In order to ascertain the efficacy of vinegar/acetic acid onother mammals, a study, as discussed in Examples 2 and 3 was conductedon sheep. The study had 20 sheep in the study group and 20 animals inthe control group. At the end of the study, it was found that the sheepin the study group that were administered vinegar (50-60 ml/dose) gavebirth to 28 female offsprings. No male offspring was produced. 5 animalsdid not conceive and one animal reported miscarriage. The animals in thecontrol group, on the other hand, produced male and female offsprings.The results are shown in Table 3 herein below: TABLE 3 Study on sheepusing vinegar Animals not No. of OFFSPRING No. of animals conceivedmiscarriages Males Females Study 20 5 1 Nil 28 Control 20 3 1 8 16

EXAMPLE 5

[0043] In order to ascertain the efficacy of vinegar/acetic acid onmammals such as horses, a study, as discussed in Examples 2 and 3 wasconducted. The dosage of administration of vinegar was 250-400 ml. Atthe end of the study wherein 26 horses were employed, it was found that17 female offsprings were produced. No male offspring was produced. 7animals did not conceive and two animals reported miscarriage. Theresults are shown in Table 4 herein below: TABLE 4 Study on horses usingvinegar Animals not No. of OFFSPRING No. of animals conceivedmiscarriages Males Females 26 7 2 Nil 17

EXAMPLE 6

[0044] In order to ascertain the efficacy of vinegar/acetic acid ongoats, a study, as discussed in Examples 2 and 3 was conducted. Thestudy had 19 goats. The animals were given 50-60 ml of vinegar after theinsemination. At the end, of the study wherein 19 goats were employed,it was found that 26 female offsprings were produced. No male offspringwas produced by the goats. 6 animals did not conceive and no cases ofmiscarriage were reported. The results are shown in Table 5, hereinbelow: TABLE 5 Study on goats using vinegar Animals not No. of OFFSPRINGNo. of animals conceived miscarriages Males Females 19 6 Nil Nil 26

EXAMPLE 7

[0045] Yet another study on pigs was conducted following the methoddiscussed in Example 2 and 3. The pigs were given 150 to 250 ml ofvinegar. At the end of the study wherein 7 pigs were employed, it wasfound that 47 female offsprings were produced. No male offspring wasproduced. 2 animals did not conceive and no cases of miscarriage werereported. The results are shown in Table 6, herein below: TABLE 6 Studyon pigs using vinegar only Animals not No. of OFFSPRING No. of animalsconceived miscarriages Males Females 7 2 Nil Nil 47

EXAMPLE 8

[0046] A study on dogs based on the method described in Examples 2 and 3was conducted on dogs. Vinegar was given to all the animals @45-55 ml.At the end of the study wherein 9 dogs were employed, it was found that29 female offsprings were produced. No male offspring was produced. 2animals did not conceive and no cases of miscarriage were reported. Theresults are shown in Table 7, herein below: TABLE 7 Study on dogs usingvinegar Animals not No. of OFFSPRING No. of animals conceivedmiscarriages Males Females 9 2 Nil Nil 29

EXAMPLE 9

[0047] 7 persons who had no female children in their family, came forthas volunteers. They were informed about the study conducted in animalsand the efficacy of the material. The method, mode and dosage ofadministration (65-80 ml) was also discussed. The volunteers co-operatedand at the end of the study, 7 girl children were born. No males orcases of miscarriage were reported. The results are shown in Table 8,herein below: TABLE 8 Study on humans using vinegar No. of human No. ofOFFSPRING subjects miscarriages Males Females 7 Nil Nil 7

1. An in vivo method for production of female offsprings in mammals,said method comprising the step of administering a therapeuticallyeffective amount of a material essentially consisting of acetic acidand/or its pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives, after or beforeinsemination.
 2. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the mammals areselected from the group comprising cows, buffaloes, pigs, sheep, dogs,horses, goats and humans.
 3. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein thematerial comprises vinegar, acetic acid, sodium acetate and theirnatural or synthetic derivatives.
 4. A method as claimed in claim 1wherein the material comprises 8-16% dilute acetic acid.
 5. A method asclaimed in claim 1 wherein the material is administered by routesselected from oral, parenteral, vaginal, anal and cutaneous.
 6. A methodas claimed in claim 1 wherein the effective amount of the material is inthe range of 150 to 800 ml.
 7. A method as claimed in claim 1 whereinthe preferred amount of the material is in the range of 250 to 400 ml.8. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the material is administeredbefore zygote formation in mammals.
 9. A method as claimed in claim 1wherein the material is formulated in various physical forms selectedfrom solution, syrup, elixir, mixture, emulsion, suspension, tablet,capsule, pessary, suppository, aerosol or parenteral preparation.
 10. Amethod as claimed in claim 1 wherein the material is administered withinthree hours before zygote formation.
 11. A method as claimed in claim 1wherein the material is administered within 30 minutes afterinsemination.
 12. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the material isadministered one hour before insemination.
 13. Use of a materialessentially consisting of acetic acid and/or its pharmaceuticallyacceptable derivatives, for the production of female offsprings inmammals, by administering a therapeutically effective amount of thematerial to a mammal, after or before insemination..
 14. Use as claimedin claim 13 wherein the mammals are selected from the group comprisingcows, buffaloes, pigs, sheep, dogs, horses, goats and humans.
 15. Use asclaimed in claim 13 wherein the material comprises vinegar, acetic acid,sodium acetate and their natural or synthetic derivatives.
 15. Use asclaimed in claim 13 wherein the material comprises 8-16% dilute aceticacid.
 16. Use as claimed in claim 13 wherein the material isadministered by routes selected from oral, parenteral, vaginal, anal andcutaneous.
 17. Use as claimed in claim 13 wherein the therapeuticallyeffective amount of the material is in the range of 150 to 800 ml. 18.Use as claimed in claim 13 wherein the preferred amount of the materialis in the range of 250 to 400 ml.
 19. Use as claimed in claim 13 whereinthe material is administered before zygote formation in mammals.
 20. Useas claimed in claim 13 wherein the material is formulated in variousphysical forms selected from solution, syrup, elixir, mixture, emulsion,suspension, tablet, capsule, pessary, suppository, aerosol or parenteralpreparation.
 21. Use as claimed in claim 13 wherein the material isadministered within three hours before zygote formation.
 22. Use asclaimed in claim 13 wherein the material is administered within 30minutes after insemination.
 23. Use as claimed in claim 13 wherein thematerial is administered one hour before insemination.